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These microbes help produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which support intestinal barrier integrity and immune regulation.1516
Some herbal tisanes may also influence the microbiome.—Christopher Bergland, Verywell Health, 8 Apr. 2026 Mold inhibitors—often listed as calcium propionate—are a key red flag.—Olivia McIntosh, Martha Stewart, 4 Apr. 2026 SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, and acetate, support gut health by fueling the cells lining the large intestine, supporting intestinal mucus production, and reducing intestinal inflammation.—Jillian Kubala, Health, 30 Oct. 2025 Intense exercise raises lactate levels, and certain microbes can feed on lactate, converting it into SCFAs like butyrate and propionate.—New Atlas, 25 Aug. 2025 After six weeks all participants showed increases in butyrate and two other short-chain fatty acids, acetate and propionate.—Lydia Denworth, Scientific American, 20 May 2025 Plants exude a variety of waste products that microbes consume, such as glucose, acetate, butyrate, and propionate.—IEEE Spectrum, 29 Jan. 2013